Formatting

Formatting text

• Spacing: Use only one space between sentences.
• Paragraph breaks: When formatting text, remember that the user is reading on a mobile device. Paragraphs longer than two or three sentences can be hard to read on a small screen. Even if the same text appears elsewhere as a single paragraph, consider breaking long blocks of text at a logical place for ease of reading. Use internal mode to preview default formatting. 
• Use only one line break between paragraphs; take care to check for and delete any extra breaks from copied and pasted text. 
• Formatting: Long stretches of italic text can be difficult to read. Set off long quotes with line breaks or quotation marks instead. 
• Use bold and underlined text sparingly. Avoid all caps, and avoid quotation marks that show doubt or irony (“scare quotes”).

Names

• Use the full name of the artist or organization the first time that you mention them in each text. This can feel repetitive, but remember that you can reuse and reorganize all CMS items. For example, a collection item that is on view in a single-artist exhibition today might later be part of a group show. In the group show, the artist’s full name is essential information.
• In later mentions, you can refer to an artist or other person by their last name (“Frida Kahlo” becomes “Kahlo”). You can refer to an organization by its short name (“The Studio Museum in Harlem” becomes “the Studio Museum”).
• When you refer to two people with the same last name, you can use their first names instead, for clarity.
• Don't shorten men's names to the last name and women's names to the first name. This mistake is surprisingly common. Treat names equally, regardless of gender. 
• In running text, always refer to the app as “Bloomberg Connects” or “the Bloomberg Connects app.” Avoid abbreviations or shortening to "Connects."
• If you have questions about how to style a name, follow the preference of the artist or organization. Good places to start are websites that the artist manages, the website of the gallery that represents the artist, and official museum websites.

Works of art, exhibitions, and other creative works

Italicize titles of exhibitions and works of art in running text and captions.  

• For a study, don't italicize the word “study.” Italicize only the title of the work that the study was made for or made after: Study for Homage to the Square; Study after Homage to the Square.
• Separate the title and subtitle of an artwork with a colon: Composition: Horse and Figures.
• If the work has an alternate title, place it in parentheses after the main title: Violin and Mandolin (Musical Forms).
• Do not italicize or put quotation marks around titles of series: Weeping Woman series; Black paintings. An exception to this rule is when a series is published as a title, as in print portfolios. In this instance, use italics: Vollard Suite.
• Some works have no official or unofficial title. In those cases, refer to the work as Untitled, in roman type. In running text, you can write “in the untitled work by Miró” or, more formally, “in Untitled, by Miró.” However, if an untitled work has a subtitle, it should appear as follows: Untitled (Dots). If, however, an artist has "titled" a work Untitled, it should then appear in italics.

Also use italics for the names of books, newspapers, magazines, and films.

Titles of articles and poems are generally set in roman type and enclosed in quotation marks.

Names of design or historical objects should be in roman: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's Seagram Building. You can capitalize the names of gardens or galleries that have formal names, if your organization's style does.

Emoji

Using emoji is popular in digital communications and does not officially violate WCAG recommendations. But emoji use does cause known accessibility issues.

Consider the following regarding emoji use in your guide:

• Screen readers announce the Unicode string for each emoji. This string is often literal and might not communicate colloquial or cultural meaning. For example, a screen reader announces “🎧 Explore the collection” as “Headphone, explore the collection,” which might not tell visitors that the content includes audio.
• Emoji can be hard for screen reader users to understand when several emoji appear together, appear in the middle of a sentence, or replace text. Your meaning can be lost. For example, a screen reader announces “Cafe 🍽️ ☕ 🥪” as “Cafe, fork and knife with plate, hot beverage, sandwich.”
• The technology behind emoji (and the corresponding screen reader announcements) can change at any time.
• Though emoji do respond to text scaling, low vision users might miss emoji or be unable to distinguish between them.
• Some emoji have culturally specific meanings that might not be understood (or might even be offensive) in other parts of the world.

Links

You can provide additional context and access to deeper resources by adding external links in your content descriptions.

Consider the following regarding link use in your guide:

• Never paste a URL into a text. Use linked text instead, but avoid using "click here" or "link" to indicate a hyperlink. When possible, put the link in the existing text, or use a natural action word or phrase: "Read more about Pablo Picasso."
• Hyperlinks can be a useful tool for sharing content that might not be essential for fully understanding the guide, but that interested users might want to explore. However, too many links can take away from the guide experience, so use links strategically. Links very early in the guide, like in a welcome message, can also distract visitors and reduce the time that they spend in the guide.
• Good uses of links include long videos (a full recording of an hourlong panel discussion, for example), partner or artist websites, and schedules for recurring events.
• We do not recommend linking to content that has a logical place in a Connects guide, like collection item information, audio tour stops, exhibition texts, and short videos.
• Check all links in internal mode before launch and when adding new content.

Consult your relationship manager for more on linking capabilities and strategies.